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The chief proponent of localism in Thailand or "moso" (moderation society) is King Bhumibol Adulyadej's philosophy of "sufficiency economy". The foundations of King Bhumibol's theory include sustainability, moderation, and broad-based development. The Learning Centre of King Bhumibol's Philosophy of Economic Sufficiency claim the concept is focused on living a moderate, self-dependent life without greed or overexploitation of, for example, natural resources. According to the opinion expressed in a leaked unclassified, yet sensitive, message from the US ambassador in Thailand to the US Secretary of State, the tenets of sufficiency economy are "vague and malleable", its popularity due to a "public reluctance to criticize anything associated with the revered King."〔Embassy of the United States Bangkok, Thailand, (06BANGKOK5706 WHAT IS THE "SUFFICIENCY ECONOMY"? ), 15 Sep 2006〕 After a coup d'état, the military junta claimed that the policies of deposed Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra were inconsistent with the king's philosophy.〔("Rebranding Thaksinomics" ), ''The Economist'', 11 Jan 2007〕 The preamble of the junta's new constitution stated that promotion of self-sufficiency was one of the fundamental roles of the state.〔Asia Times, (In Thailand, a return to 'sufficiency' ), 5 Oct 2006〕 The junta-appointed Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont pledged to allocate 10 billion baht (almost US$300 million) for projects to promote well-being in line with King Bhumibol's sufficiency economy principle. He made the pledge while participating in King Bhumibol's 80th birthday celebrations.〔("PM earmarks B10bn for well-being" ), ''Bangkok Post'', 10 Mar 2007〕 In 2007, the Democrat Party-run Bangkok Metropolitan Administration gave away a million baht to each city community that joined the "Self-sufficiency Community Plan According to His Majesty the King’s Self-sufficiency Initiative." Foreigners were, for the most part, left confused. After a meeting with Ministry of Finance officials where the need for more sufficiency was explained, Standard & Poor's director of sovereign ratings noted, "No one knows what (economy ) really means."〔 ''The Asia Times'' noted that "There is a concurrent risk that the royal philosophy will be twisted by less scrupulous government officials as an opportunity to abuse their authority for rent-seeking and extortion, particularly among foreign-invested concerns". NGO activists hoping to use sufficiency economy theory to oppose the construction of large-scale dams were sharply criticized by Bhumibol, a long-time advocate of dam construction, who claimed that the deforestation caused by dams was a necessary evil to provide consistent energy and water sources for farmers. == Philosophy == The sufficiency economy is not a theory about how the economy of a country works, but rather a guide for making decisions that will produce outcomes that are beneficial to development. The National Economic and Social Development Board defines the philosophy as, 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sufficiency economy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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